Wiring device



Dec. 4, 1956 c. M. sMlTH 2,773,248

WIRING DEVICE Filed May 5, 1954 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Fig.3.

-lo 7 6 /33 33 u 27 I -5 so 2 I 313 44 9 2e wnnssszs: INVENTOR Clarence MSmith. Y

ATTORNEY Dec. 4, 1956 c. M. SMITH 2,773,248

WIRING DEVICE Filed May 5, 1954 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 United States Patent WIRING DEVICE Clarence M. Smith, Trumbull, Conn., assignor to The Bryant Electric Company, Bridgeport, onn., a. corporatlon of Connecticut Application May 5, 1954, Serial No. 427,733 11 Claims. (Cl. 339-164) Myinventi-on relates generally to electric wiring devices, and more particularly to a new and improved screwless terminal for electrically connecting such devices to a source of electrical power, and for electrically connecting such devices together.

Although in principle my invention is applicable to a wide variety of wiring devices, it is more particularly suited for the smaller low-voltage devices, such as household wiring devices, where the use of standard electrical connecting means, such as terminal screws, represent a substantial percentage of the cost of the complete wiring device. Such prior electrical connecting means have, in general, been independent of the electrical conducting means located inside the housing for the device and, consequently, have required both additional material and handling in order that all the component parts may be properly secured together and to the housing. In some cases such additional material and its handling costs have exceeded the value of the components. As can be appreciated, in fabricating prior devices machinery and dies have been required, whereby the assembly maybe performed on a production basis which is an additional expense. Also, in such devices the use of standard terminal screws has necessitated forming the electrical conductors around the body of the terminal screws in order that a good electrical connection can be made between the electrical conductors and the electrical conducting components of the wiring device. Such a Wiring procedure has entailed a considerable length of time and, as can be appreciated, the requisite labor cost of installation represents a substantial amount.

Accordingly, one object of my invention is to provide a new and improved wiring device of simplified construction.

Another object of my invention is to provide a new and improved wiring device having a minimum of component parts which may easily be assembled.

Another object of my invention is to provide a new andimproved wiring device having improved means for making electrical connections thereto.

Another object of my invention is to provide a new and improved wiring device whereby electrical connections may be made thereto by merely inserting electrical V conductors therein.

A further object of my invention is to provide a new and improved wiring device having integral means functioning both as a terminal and a conductor.

Still another object of my invention is to provide a new and improved wiring device which may rapidly be connected or disconnected to an electrical conductor.

A more specific object of my invention is to provide a new and improved wiring device having a single means located within the device which functions both to establish contact with an electrical conductor and to establish contact with an inserted oonnecter.

Another object of my invention is to provide a new and improved electrical receptacle having no external electrical components.

curing the housings 2 and 4 together.

A still morespecific object of my invention is to provide a new and improved electrical wiring device having jaw means located therein whereby electrical connections may be automatically made by the mere insertion of a wire, and which connections may be easily broken by moving a part of the jaw means by the insertion of a blunt instrument within the device.

These and other objects of my invention will become more apparent upon consideration of the following detailed description of a wiring device incorporating an electrical contact constructed in accordance with the principles of my invention when taken in connection with the attached drawings, in which:

vFigure l is a top plan view of a duplex receptacle constructed in accordance with the principles of my invention;

Fig. 2 is aside elevational view of the duplex receptacle shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the duplex receptacle shown in Fig. 2, taken substantially along the lines III-.III thereof;

Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of the duplex receptacle shown in Fig. 1, taken substantially along the lines lV-IV thereof;

Fig. ,5 is a cross-sectional view of the duplex receptacle shown in Fig. 1 taken substantially along the lines VV thereof;

Fig. 6 is an enlarged side elevational view of an electrical terminal constructed in accordance with the principles of my invention, and;

Fig. 7 is an end elevational view of the electrical contact shown in Fig. 6.

Although my invention is suitable for various types of wiring devices, for the purpose of illustrating my invention, the drawings and description disclose it as embodied in a duplex electrical receptacle having a pair of formed terminals located therein, and wherein the invention has certain novel features of cooperation. It is to be realized, however, that the terminals could be utilized in other types of Wiring devices.

Basically my invention comprises a formed electrical terminal which is provided with integral means whereby the terminal may be electrically energized and which may be also provided with additional integral means whereby an inserted connector may be energized. Re-

ferring to the drawings, it will be noted that a receptacle constructed in accordance with the principles of my invention comprises an upper housing 2, a lower housing 4, a pair of electrical terminals 6, and a yoke 8 for se- The particular construction of housings 2 and 4 and the cooperable structure of yoke 8 whereby the housings .2 and 4 are. secured together does not form a part of this invention but is more completely shown, described and claimed in my copending application filed concurrently herewith, Serial No. 427,734, entitled Wiring Device, which has been assigned to the same assignee as this invention.

Housings 2 and 4 are formed so that when they are assembled a pair of longitudinally extending spaced chambers 3 are provided adjacent each side of the longitudinal center line of the receptacle in each of which hereinafter described. Yoke 8 may be formed of any suitable material which has sufficient structural strength J such as sheet metal. It should be noted that it is immaterial for the purposes of my invention as to the exact structure of the upper housing 2, lower housing 4 and yoke 8, so long as they are formed in order to receive and support a pair of terminals 6, and so as to permit electrical terminals 6 to function properly.

Referring to Figs. 1, 2, 4 and 5, it will be noted that the upper housing 3 is an irregularly formed member having a pair of irregularly formed downwardly extending laterally spaced sides 19 and a pair of upwardly otfset, longitudinally spaced, approximately circular faces 12, in each of which are located a pair of spaced slots 14. Slots 1 4 are provided in order that the prongs of a male connector plug, not shown, may be inserted to engage the electrical terminal 6. In order to facilitate the insertion of such prongs, the Outer faces 12 of the upper housing 2 are slightly dished inwar ly a l? an integral divider projection 16 is provided on each face 12 between the slots 1 Divider serves to provide additional insulation between the two slots 14 and to provide additional mechanical strength for the upper housing 2.

Referring to Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 5, lf werhousing 4 comprises an approximately rectangular base 28 which is proyided with upwardly extending side walls 30 which, in turn, are joined together at each end of the base 28 by upwardly extending end walls '32. The upper edges of sidewalls 39 of lower housing 4; ar adapted to engage the lower edges of side wall ll) of upper housing 2 when the receptacle is assembled. As more particularly described in the above-identified co'pending application, upper housing 2 and the lower housing 4 are each symmetrical with relation to both their longitudinal and lateral center lines, whereby the housings are definitely positioned relative to each other when assembled. The lower housing ,4 is also provided with an integral upwardly extending hollow rectangular post 44 which is symmetrically located with reference to the longitudinal and lateral center lines of power housing 4, and which supports the central enlarged rectangular portion 46 of Wise 8. As shown in Fig. 1, the central portion 46 of y ke 8 is provided with any suitable securing means, such as a threaded opening 20 which is accessible through an opening 471 in upper housing 2 between faces whereby a face plate, not shown, may be secured to the receptacle. Central portion &6 of the yoke is also provid'ed at each end. with integral downwardly extending arms which receive post 44 therebetween and which ter minate' in integral longitudinally extending arms 52 which are at approximately right angles to the downwardly extending arms. Each longitudinally extending arm 52 of yoke 8 is supported by the top surface 40 of the end wall 32 towards which it extends and is formed as to interlock with external projections on the ends of housings 2 and 4 so as to secure thehousings 2 and 4 together when the longitudinally extending arms are deformed within the housings 2 and 4 to foreshorten them, as more par ticularlyv described in the above-identified application.

The yoke 8 terminates at each'of its endsin an outwardly extending anchoring tab 62, whereby yoke 8 may be secured to any suitable support, not shown, by any suitable means (not shown). As shown, yoke8 is pro vided with a hole 64 in each tab 62 for receiving a securing means. However, it is obvious that tab 62 may be provided with any of a variety of known formations for securing purposes.

Referring again to Fig. 5, it will be noted that lower housing 4 is provided with a spaced pair of upwardly extending walls 66 interiorly thereof which are displaced laterally on opposit sides of the longitudinal center line of lower housing 4, and which extend from opposite sides.

of a hollowrectangular post 44 to. each end wall 32 Upper housing 2 is provided with a pair of spaced integral downwardlyv extending irregularly shaped members 70 which when assembled with the lower housing i engage' the top surface of the walls 66 to form the longitudinally extending chambers 3 at each side of the longitudinal center line of th receptacle. As will be more particularly described hereinafter, a formed terminal 6 is securely located within each chamber 3.

As shown in Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, terminals 6 are generally rectangular in form and are designed so that they may be fabricated from one piece of material by any suitable mechanical process such as by stamping. When so formed terminals 6 comprise a flat back 5 which, when assembled within the receptacle, is located against the adjacent inner surfaces 7 or 9 of sides 10 and 30,, respectively, of each chamber 3. Each end of terminal 6, is formed into an arcuate blade 11 which extends inwardly of chamber 3 so that a blade 11 is located beneath each slot 14 at each end of th receptacle where it may be engaged by the prongs of an inserted connector plug. In order to facilitate making electrical contact between the prongs of an inserted connector and blades 11, a vertical slot 13 is provided adjacent each blade 11 which ternii nate above the bottomedge of terminals ti whereby blade ll may be flexed around a lower portion 17 of terminal 6 somewhat in the manner of acantileve beam. If desired, in order to obtain a firmer engagement between the prongs of an inserted plug and blades 11, blades 11 may be provided with a circular projection 15 at the, outermost extending point of blades 11 to engage the holes normally provided adjacent each end of the prongs of a plug." It should be noted that although blades 11 flex with relation to portion of terminals 6 portion 17 is of sutli cien't width to, prevent any fatigue failure of blades, .11 at their bases. Further if desired, the parent metal from which terminals 6 are formed may be left to extend upwardly from blade 11 as at 22, if such is not needed for blade 11.

in order that wiring connections may easily be made to each terminal 6, the upper portion thereof between slots 13 provided with an irregular longitudinally ex tendingopening 19 having a series of stepped upper edges. 21, 2 3jan'd 25 and a longitudinally extending lower edge 27', at eadh side of its vertical center line. It should be P ar yn d t a e w re diam f h au es of wire ordinarily used in wiring such devicesv are well known and, therefore, the requisite, clearance between the upper and lower edges necessary for receiving such gaugesmay be determined. Thus, as shown, for use in ordinary volt household wiring installations where wire size is determined primarily by Underwriters re: quirements, the standard gauges 10,12 and. 14 would normally be used. It will, be'noted that upper jaws 21, 23 and 2 5 and lower jaws 27 are sloped to converge inwardly so that theirinner opposed edges are spaced 8. xed, d taste a I a scr sns th h W r q ir cn s; new iaw ar i l ed fr the ower jaw adistanee slightly less than the outside diameter of e aa sula wi e te h t is o e ree aths ehetwsst hus fq awe. la 21 nd 2. f o nes dsq t at the opening therebetween is slightly less than the outside diameterof the #14 wire. M

Re r QE s- 2. it l b not t t he ide W 0 a 30 q h u inss n wets t are Prov ded with a series of semi-circular openings. onv their mating n s l a e musin s 2 a 4 a e a emb ed o ther a S r e f a .h i e. r u a a tritis- Z9. 3,! 311C133 are rfrq ds s i ish i e f he. eeptaele iu s 1 a a e i se ti e locate o. as P9$ i h. rela o t h pa es, betwee uppe l 2;. 2.3 1x12 anda cw r iawlj. r spe ly, d are designed to receive, illustratively, #14, #12 and. #10 wires, respectively. By this construction, the conductor or wire may be inserted through the appropriate one of openings 29, 31 and 33 so as to be engaged by the respective jaws therebehind. Openings 29,31jand vary insize so that an opening designed to receive a smaller gauge i e cantor receive a" l g au e Wire n. rder tapr'evest a larger gauge wire from being inserted and permanently deforming the smaller spaced jaws. Although a smaller diameter wire may be inserted in a larger opening, the jaw spacing heretofore described is too large to grasp the inserted conductor. Thus, only one opening may be used for a given size conductor to establish an electrical connection to terminal 6. p

In operation a conductor, not shown, is inserted into the proper size opening and forced inwardly into engagement between the appropriate spaced jaws and is grasped by the jaws so that a firm mechanicaland electrical connection is made between the terminal 6 and the inserted conductor. As the spaced jaws are properly spaced and are dished inwardly, they readily permit the inserted conductor to pass inwardly of chamber-3 of the receptacle by slightly forcing the jaws apart. In order to facilitate the insertion of a conductor between the spaced jaws, slots 35 are provided adjacent each end of jaws 27 and therebetween which extend downwardly, but terminate short of the bottom edge of terminal 6 to approximately the same point as the bottoms of slots 13. By this means, lower jaws 27 are more flexible and are substantially independent in operation of each other. larly, jaws 21, 23 and 25 may be separated by a slit so as to be independently supported from the upper portion of terminal 6. Such independent support also facilitates the formation of all the described jaws. Thus,v

when a conductor is inserted between a particular set of jaws, both the upper and lower jaws will resiliently deflect in the direction of the force applied to the conductor until the conductor slips past the displaced jaws. Once a conductor has so slipped past the spaced jaws,

any withdrawal force applied to the conductor will cause the opposed edges of the jaws to more firmly grasp the conductor therebetween. Also, as the jaws are all inde pendent, a spring gripping action is obtained, whereby an inserted conductor will not be loosened due to anyvibrational forces.

In order to withdraw an inserted conductor, terminals 6 have been provided with an inwardly sloped lug 37 which is centrally located below each jaw 27. Lugs 37 are accessible from without the receptacle by means of openings 39 provided in the base 28 of lower housing 4 immediately below each lug 37. Again, in order to obtain movement of the lower lugs 37, slots 41 are provided at each side of each lug 37. As lugs 37 slope inwardly within chamber 3, an upwardly applied force upon lugs 37 will cause lugs 37 to rock the respective lower jaw 27 toward inner side 9 of side wall 30 whereby a retained conductor is released from the clamping action of the jaws. Such release may rapidly be accomplished by inserting a blunt instrument such as the blade of a screwdriver through an opening 39 and engaging lug 37. Also such release may be accomplished by merely pivoting such a blade around one edge of opening 39. It will be particularly noted that as lower jaws 27 are independent, only the conductor held by one lower jaw 27 will be effected.

Although terminal 6 may be located within chamber 3 in various manners, it isthe purpose of my invention to eliminate anytime consuming aligning of the terminal 6 within the assembled receptacle. Accordingly, the lower edges of terminals 6 are turned inwardly to form inwardly projecting flanges 43 which seat in opposite corners, respective, of the lower housing 4 at the junction of side walls 30 and base 28 on the upper surface of base 28. The upper edge of terminal 6 above the opening 19 is similarly turned inwardly to form an inwardly projecting flange 49 which seats in the corner of the upper housing 2 at the junction of a side wall and the inner surface of faces 12. As more clearly shown in Figs. 3, 4 and 5, the upper housing 2 is provided with a pair of downwardly projecting inwardly sloped projections 51which engage the upper flange 49 6 to force the upper edgeof terminal 6 against the side wall 10 of upper housing 2. In a similar manner integral extending projections (not shown) may be provided, if desired, flanges 43.

In assembling such an electrical receptacle, the electrical terminals 6 are initially inserted in the bottom half of each chamber 3 within lower housing 4 and the yoke 8 is placed on 'the top of lower housing 4 so that the central portion 46 is located on top of the post 44, and the extending arms 52 engage the top surfaces 40 of end walls 32 of lower housing 4. Thereafter, the upper housing 2 is'placed on the lower housing4 and, in so doing, the projections 51 on upper housing 2 engage the upper flange 49 of each terminal '6, whereby further downward move ment of upper housing 2 causes terminals '6 to 'be forced against the inner surfaces 7 of side walls 10 so that it is properly located within chamber 3. Thereafter, the .en-,

tire assembly may be secured together bydeforming the yoke in the manner described in the aforementioned copending application.

By this construction, it will be noted that I have pro-' vided a simple pair of contacts which may be easily: formed as separate parts and which may be properly located within the receptacle without requiring any extra,

jigs or fixtures. When so assembled, the terminal 6 may easily be electrically connected to an electric conductor by merely inserting a conductor within the appropriate across a normal two-wire system with a pair of conduc-,

tors connected to each terminal '6 and being independently insertable or removable from the other.

Although I have shown and describedone particular form of terminal which incorporates the various features of my invention, in accordance with the patent statutes, I am aware that other modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of'my invention. Accordingly, it is desired that the invention be not limited to the particular form of terminal or usethereof specifically illustrated and described herein, but that the invention should be given a broad scope and be limited only as required by the prior art.

I claim as my invention:

1. A wiring device comprising a hollow casing of insulating material having a terminal located in fixed relation ship therein, said terminal having a plurality of resilient staggered jaws each of which is spaced a different distance from a movable jaw so that each staggered jaw forms a spaced pair of jaws in conjunction with said movable jaw,

each of said pair of jaws being spaced to receive a known size inserted conductor therebetween, means whereby a conductor may be inserted between any oneof said pairs of jaws from the exterior of said casing, and an opening j in said casing adjacent said movable jaw so that said movable jaw is accessible to be moved and thereby release said inserted conductor from said one pair of jaws.

2. A wiring device comprising a hollow casing of insulating material having a terminal located in fixed relation-' gage an inserted conductor therebetween, an opening in said casing whereby a conductor may be inserted between said jaws from one direction externally of said casing,

said jaws being convergent in said one direction whereby movement of said conductor in a reverse direction is opposed by said jaws, and another opening in said casing jaw so that said second jaw is en;'

adjacent said second gageableto be moved to release said conductor.

on the inner surface of base 28 to locate 1%: A: .ir a d v se centnnsi s a a ng of ns l n ins ial lia T's a t nni all located in ti es l l ienshir here n sielt rnilnal avin a plu al ty of resilient sta ated aws ash o which s shaved a diflerent di tance from an integral movable jaw so that each staggered jaw in ist a paced Pai cli nts n eehiu etien with s n a i ble Jew sash o a d air of iaw eing pa ed t receive a known siz v. r l sl d sqndnct r therehetween, a lura it o crashes inse t eas locate so th a en ls t ma e i erted b tw e any ne of said pai of jaws in ne direction, said jaws being convergent in sa d Q 6 d ec io so hat mov m n of s d onductor i a reverse d re tion is t essed. by said j w a a h ne tl n a cen sa d movable. jaw so t at said. ova le jets s? e t ireleas s d sem s er- 4- A w ing de ice. compr s n an longated easing of insnlating material having a terminal located at each side thereoi in fixed relationship, each of said terminals 711a ing a pigrality 9i resilient staggered jaws each of ll ll s aced i e flerent i t nce r m an in r able jaw so that each staggered jaw forms a spaced pair la in Q il nstion w h id ova ia-w, each, of 14 H il" f J'E S as spaced o r ce a known size inserted conductor therebetween, a, plurality of openings in said casing located so that a conductor may be inserted in one direction between any one of said pairs of jaws of each terminai externally of said casing, said jaws of each terminal being convergent in said one direction whereby mo e ent f. sa d condu to in. a ev direction is opposed by said jaws, and a plurality of other openings adjacent each of said movable jaws, respectively, so that each of said rnovable jaws is accessible to release said n n wr- 5- A wi in device omp i ing a asing having an pp and a lower elongated dished housing of insulating materiai adapted to be secured together, one of said housings ein ll itleq with s n ud nal y x n ing fir slot in which an electricaliy conducting terminal is adapted to be located, the other of said housings beingprovided with a second slot adapted to cooperate with said first slot to enclosesaid terminal camming means integral with the other of said housings for engaging an inner portion of said terminal to locate said terminal in fixed relationship within said casing, and means integral with said contact and said casing whereby said terminal may be electrically energized by inserting an electrical conductor within said as g,

6. A wiring device having an upper and lower elongated dished housing of insulating material adapted to be secured together, one of said housings being provided with F a pair of longitudinally extending first slots each of which is adapted to receive an electrically conducting terminal, the, her of said housings beingprovided with a pair of second longitudinally extending slots adapted to cooperate with said first slots to enclose said terminals, means in- .teg ral: with said other housing located within each of said second slot-s having a tapered edge for engaging and camrning an inner portion of; each of said terminals to locate said terminals in fixed relation within said casing, and means integral with said contact and said casing whereby saidterrninal may be electrically energized by sertin ele' sal sondn r w hin ai a n o ag rls er e e nn s 7. wiring device comprising an elongated support of insulating maiteri-al having. elongated terminals at each sit 1n fixed relationship thereto, each of said terminals having, a nlnrali ty of first resilient jaws spaced from a plurality of second resilient jaw-s, each of said second resilient jaws comprising a plurality of adjacent jaws each of which is spaced a difieren-t distance from one of said first jaws, said-spacings being predetermined so that each i g l i n i l t respective fi s aw t' a p i f i' whi h. ar s a'nt dtq re eiv s sin l sized sqt rtliet liet asnr and tn l ins whe e nndoctor may be inserted between each of said cooperating aws. V

8. A wiring device comprising an el ngated supper-t 9f insulating material having elongated terminals at each side in fixed relationship thereto, eac of s id erminals a i a p urali y o first resilient ja pace rom. a pl r li y of second resilient jaw each of sai seco d resilient jaws. comprising a p ur lity of adjac n jaws ea of which is spaced a diflerent di ance firorn one o Said first jaws, said spacings eing pr d ermine so that earl! adjacent j w in cooperation wi h i esp ctive fi st i w forms. a pair at jaws which are d pted o rece e a single sized conductor th rebe w openi gs. in id casin through whic a cond cto m y be e ed o rrage ch fsaid co pe a n jaws, an said penings ar 'ngn cr s sec on o a a. c nduc or large than said ngle size eo s ctor ann t be i serted betw en aid cooperat- -stew 9. A wiring evi comp i ng an elongated snpnqrt of nsu atin material havi g el ngated termi a s a each ide n fi e r la onship ere o, each of sai te 'nals aving a lurality of first e ilie jaw paced from a Pin ali yof secon res i nt jaws, each f said second esilient laws comp i n a plur lity of a jacent j ws eac f h ch. is s ced at iffe ent d stance fro one of aid. rs ja aid s a ings bei predete m ned so a each dja e t jaw n mace ation w t it re pe tive fir i e ni a pa o wh h a e adapted to; rec ive a in e sized on uctor tltsrs t eena pe i s i sa asi th ou h i a c uctor ma be nse ted to en a e eac of l were n' jaws, and said p n ng yin in c s sestien as th t eqn ne or la ge th n sa d n l i e nnner sen, at b ins rted between s i coope a n ia leve m ns integ a w e c of sa d fir j w hereby a d nse ted conduct may be rele sed from ast-weir 9 aws! a d n. van he eby aid le r means is acce sib e. szs erna ly o sa d na na.

10. An electrical receptacle comprising an eiongated PBort o nsnlstina natenal ha elo te term na at ash side in ned re a nshi thereto ach of ai erm als avi a plur ty f fir e li nt jaw space q n a plu ali y of second e l e t is r ea h of aidv ee- Ql resilie t jaws comp is n a p urali y f a iacent jaws ach o ic i pac d a d ffe e d s anc om. one at. id. fi st isw said. s a n b i ed termin d so ha each adjacent jaw in cooperatign with its respective first jaw q in a en oi l w w h ar p ed to receive a in si gd cond ct he e e a d eans her a f n i s ma e n r ed b e n ach of said per ti aws, s d te na a n a h d resi ient ean ocated at c of ts e d a a pai o sp ed o ning at each end of said casing whereby a connector maybe insorted to engage the third resilient means of each terminal at one n e eol- ,1 A Wiring de e omp s n n, e n a ed asin o nsu a n ma r l a n a rminal o ated at each. de he i g n. fi ed e a n h p eac of s id e minal having a movable jaw spaced from a second jaw, at least one of said jaws having a, plurality of staggered jaws so hat sash sta -sat i w forms a p d pa of jaw i conjunction with the other jaw, each of said pair of jaws being: spaced to receive a known size inserted conductor therebletween, a plurality of openings in said casinglocated so that a conductor may be inserted in one direction between any one of said pairs of jawsof each terminal externally of said casing, said jaws of each terminal being convergent in said one direction whereby movement of said conductor in a reverse direction is opposed by said jaws, and means whereby said movable jaws is accessible to release said conductor.

References Cited in the file of this patent UN TED S ATES PA EN S 2,296,79 Barton J y 2, 1 0 2i lr2Q 312 2 2 1 -v-.---l- 5 

